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Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2012

Geography: Netherlands

Dr. Harry Slaper, Laboratory for Radiation Research, RIVM, Holland, has developed a unique model, the AMOUR 2.0, for relating ozone depletion scenarios and UV to changes in skin cancer incidence (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)). This model has been used since 2008 as a reference for other researchers in Europe.

The model, however, does not factor in age. Apart from cumulated UV Radiation, age is the major risk factor for the development of Non Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), and an ageing population will contribute to the increasing incidence of NMSCs.

The LEO Foundation has funded a development of the model to also incorporate the effects of population aging in Europe in order to obtain a more precise picture of the projected incidence of NMSC in Europe.

Based on the Dutch Cancer registry and the enhanced model, then, Dr. Slaper has estimated age and gender specific incidence rates, incorporated them into the model as well as UN Population forecasts to forecast the incidence of NMSC in Europe and the contribution of both cumulated UV radiation and age and gender.

The results are expected to play a key role in raising awareness among decision makers in the health care sector on the increasing incidences of non-melanoma skin cancer, an awareness which will also benefit patients as the long-term aim is to increase the political prioritisation of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2020

Geography: Sweden

The primary goal of this project is to identify and characterize the ‘aggregatome’, which describes the complete and complex network of proteins that are involved in the specific mechanism where the body – via its immune system – protects itself e.g. from bacteria. Subsequently, the project will explore and define the roles of the ‘aggregatome’ in inflammatory skin diseases.

The ultimate goal is to obtain new and deeper understanding of diseases affected by protein aggregation and potentially identify biomarkers of diagnostic significance.

Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2019

Geography: Switzerland

Thermal imaging is an investigational tool whose advantages are undisputed in engineering, i.e. for the non-destructive testing of composite materials, or in the photovoltaic industry.

The technique consists in measuring and imaging the thermal radiation and to convert this information into temperature maps, or thermograms. Medical applications of thermal imaging exhibit great potential and the field is currently experiencing a renaissance. One reason is probably the recent dramatic improvements of infrared cameras that are now affordable and compact and can even be connected to smartphones.

This project aims to produce a full body thermal imaging scanner for patients to later use as a next generation diagnostic tool, coupled with a 360° 2- and 3-dimensional digital photography device.

Our goal is to create the first open access skin thermograms database, large enough to enable artificial intelligence analysis. Such a tool could be very useful for the quantification and potentially prediction of affected areas in different skin disease such as psoriasis and eczema.

Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2017

Geography: Denmark

Wound healing is a complex biological process involving interaction of different types of cells, mediators, and components of the extracellular matrix.

In particular, re-epithelialization, closure of the wound by the epithelial cells, is a crucial step as it re-establishes skin continuity. The process, however, may be impaired in various pathological conditions such as diabetes, leading to the development of acute or chronic non-healing wounds.

This project, involving participants from Denmark, France, and Germany, aims to develop wound dressings based on novel polymer- and protein-based biomaterials capable of delivery of bioactive molecules. The basis will be elastin, an extracellular matrix protein with unique properties such as elasticity and biocompatibility.

In order to form the 3D scaffolds needed for wound dressings, state-of-the-art electrospinning will be utilized and hydrogels will be prepared by in vitro cross-linking of elastin-based peptides. The conditions of preparation will be tuned to produce a biomaterial of desired mechanical properties, which will then be characterized physio-chemically using a range of analytical techniques.

Addition of bioactive peptides and growth factors will allow for stimulation of wound healing. The materials will be tested in vitro using human fibroblast cell cultures and in vivo using animal wound models.

Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2019

Geography: Denmark

Staphylococcal bacteria are the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and with the rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) minor infections can lead to severe medical conditions.

The increasing antibiotic resistance development demands the search for alternative medicines with differing profiles ranging from prophylactic treatment of small infections to combating life-threatening conditions.

In the present project, we aim to inhibit this quorum sensing through a novel concept and thereby develop pan-staphylococcal inhibitors that are capable of treating the virulence in skin infections without the use of antibiotics.

Targeting the virulence of a bacterial infection rather than the viability of the pathogen represents such an alternative, because it increases the chance of clearance through the human immune system and attenuates disease symptoms while minimizing the risk of emerging resistance.

The expression of virulence factors in Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, is regulated through quorum sensing (QS), which is a mechanism that allows bacteria to change gene expression in response to cell density.

This cell-to-cell communication is mediated by the secretion and detection of molecules termed autoinducing peptides (AIPs).

Grant category: Research Grants in open competition

Year: 2022

Geography: Denmark

This project led by Lotte K. Vogel aims to elucidate the role of the protease matriptase (an enzyme that cleaves proteins) in a variant of Ichthyosis, a common skin disease that causes “fish-scale” like skin with poor treatment options.

The molecular mechanisms behind ichthyosis are not understood, but variations in several genes may cause ichthyosis. Variants of the ST14 gene, which encodes the serine protease matriptase, lead to a type of ichthyosis called Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis 11 (ARCI11). The prevalence of ARCI11 is elusive at present.

Lotte and her team’s preliminary data show that ARCI11-related matriptase variants are unable to activate a certain substrate (a protease on its own), suggesting that ARCI11 is caused by a lack of activation of this protease. Results from the group also suggest that inactivation of a certain enzyme cascade leads to Ichthyosis. Surprisingly, for several enzymes in this cascade both the zymogen form and the activated form of the enzyme exhibit proteolytic activity.

In this project, Lotte aims to investigate the importance of matriptase in ARCI11 through a three-pronged approach: (1) by elucidating whether a protease located downstream of matriptase in the same pathway can be activated by an appropriate soluble enzyme which is suitable for topical application to the skin. (2) by elucidating whether ARCI11 is caused by a difference in substrate preferences between the zymogen form and the activated form of these enzymes and (3) by systematically screening for genetic variants of matriptase causing ARCI11 and estimating their frequency in the population. The genetic material to do a more systematic search for ARCI11-causing variants of matriptase and estimate their frequency Is already available.

If successful, Lotte’s project will make a solid and original contribution to the understanding of ichthyosis that may lead to improved treatment options.